Resumo A gestão sustentável do solo é um imperativo para todos os sistemas de uso do território. O projeto LIFE Montado-Adapt propôs-se a implementar medidas de conservação e proteção do solo, por forma a combater a alteração da paisagem e as alterações climáticas do sistema agro-silvo-pastoril Montado/Dehesa Ibérico. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o efeito de medidas de conservação do solo, como redução/não mobilização e a melhoria das pastagens, em 4 áreas piloto do projeto, sobre 2 características físicas do solo: Condutividade hidráulica do solo (ks) e massa volúmica aparente (MVA). Ao fim de 3 anos, observou-se a diminuição de ks, na ordem dos 22% (0.61 Log10 ks), sendo mais acentuada nas áreas com gado de pastagens chegou aos 37% (0.83 Log10 ks). Ao contrário do ks, a MVA aumentou nas áreas onde ocorre gado pastagens, entre 12 e 4%, sendo possível consequência do pisoteio do gado. Nas áreas onde não ocorrem pastagens, a diminuição, na ordem dos 3 e 4%, consequência da não mobilização dos solos, promovendo um maior enraizamento vegetal, acumulação de matéria orgânica e agregação do solo. As práticas de conservação e proteção do solo parecem promover alterações, ao fim de 3 anos tanto na ks como na MVA.

Abstract A sustainable management of the soil is an imperative for all land use systems. The LIFE Montado-Adapt project proposed to implement several soil conservation and protection practices, in order to fight landscape and climate change in the Montado/Dehesa Iberian agro-silvo-pastoral system. This work showcases an evaluation of the effect of some soil protection measures, such as soil reduction/zero tillage and improvement of the pastures, in 4 pilot areas of the project, on 2 soil physical parameters: soil hydraulic conductivity (ks) and soil bulk density (BD). After 3 years, a ks decrease was observed, 22% (0.61 Log10 ks), being more accentuated in areas with livestock cattle exist, reaching to 37% (0.83 Log10 ks). Contrary to ks, BD increased in areas where livestock pasture occurs, between 12 and 4%, a consequence of livestock trampling. In areas where pastures do not occur, a decrease was observed, 3 and 4%, consequence of the no-tillage policy of soils, which promotes a better root development, accumulation of organic matter and soil aggregation. Even after 3 years, the soil conservation and protection practices seem to promote changes both ks and BD of the soils.

Resumo Na remediação de solos potencialmente contaminados por atividades mineiras, é importante considerar tecnologias ambientalmente sustentáveis, aplicáveis a áreas extensas. A estratégia de remediação in situ, que recorre à adição de corretivos orgânicos, ou inorgânicos, permite a reabilitação destes solos, melhorando as suas características e imobilizando os contaminantes, colocando-os em formas menos biodisponíveis. Os corretivos adicionados ao solo podem ser, preferencialmente, resíduos, cuja valorização vai ao encontro das metas Europeias estabelecidas relativamente à deposição de resíduos em aterros. De facto, é fundamental a diminuição dessas quantidades, valorizando os resíduos, e promovendo a sua integração no sistema produtivo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o uso sustentável de materiais provenientes da indústria da pasta de papel e do papel (cinzas de biomassa e lamas biológicas) na melhoria da qualidade de solos contaminados por atividades mineiras na Faixa Piritosa Ibérica (FPI): Minas de Aljustrel, Lousal e São Domingos), em dois tempos distintos: 1 e 25 meses após a aplicação dos materiais. Foram utilizados parâmetros físico-químicos e ecotoxicológicos. Os resultados sugerem que os aditivos testados permitiram uma clara melhoria nas propriedades físico-químicas dos solos, essenciais para a recuperação das suas características e funções, e diminuição nas respostas tóxicas para vários organismos-teste, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Thamnocephalus platyurus e Daphnia magna, quando expostos a extratos dos solos corrigidos.

Abstract In the remediation of soils potentially contaminated by mining activities, it is important to consider environmentally sustainable technologies, applicable to large areas. The in situ remediation strategy that consists in the addition of organic, or inorganic, amendments, allows the rehabilitation of these soils, improving soil characteristics and immobilizing contaminants, turning them into less bioavailable forms. The recovery of this type of materials meets the European goals established for the disposal of waste in landfills, considering that it is essential to reduce the quantities deposited in landfills and increase their recovery, promoting their integration into the production system. This study aimed to evaluate the sustainable use of materials from the pulp and paper industry (biomass ashes and biological sludge) in improving the quality of soils contaminated by mining activities in the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB: Aljustrel, Lousal and São Domingos Mines), at two different times: 1 and 25 months after application of the materials. Physicochemical and ecotoxicological parameters were used in that evaluation. The results suggested that the tested amendments allowed a clear improvement in the physicochemical properties of the soils, essential for the recovery of their characteristics and functions, and a reduction of the toxic response of several test organisms, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Thamnocephalus platyurus and Daphnia magna, when exposed to the soil-water extracts of amended soils.

RESUMO A mosca-das-frutas sul-americana, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) é a principal praga da pereira na região Sul do Brasil. Vários estudos apontaram informações controversas quanto à eficácia de alguns atrativos alimentares usados na captura e no monitoramento dessa espécie em diversas frutíferas. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de atrativos alimentares disponíveis no mercado brasileiro usados na captura e no monitoramento de A. fraterculus em relação ao suco de uva. O experimento foi conduzido nas safras 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, em pomar de pereiras asiáticas (Pyrus spp.), em Caçador, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os atrativos avaliados foram CeraTrap®, BioAnastrepha®, Torula®, Isca Mosca®, BioFruit® e suco de uva (atrativo padrão no Sul do Brasil). Para cada atrativo avaliado, registrou-se a flutuação populacional de A. fraterculus, o número médio de fêmeas e machos capturados, os índices de captura MAD (mosca/armadilha/ dia) e mosca/armadilha/semana, o número de indicações de nível de controle e a evaporação média semanal. Os primeiros adultos de A. fraterculus foram capturados em novembro, sendo que, em ambas as safras, o pico populacional foi registrado em janeiro. CeraTrap® apresentou maior captura de fêmeas e machos e maior número de indicações de controle em relação aos demais atrativos. O suco de uva foi menos eficaz em relação ao CeraTrap®, inclusive no parâmetro evaporação. Concluiu-se que o CeraTrap® é o atrativo mais eficaz na captura de adultos de A. fraterculus e de maior precisão na detecção de seus níveis populacionais em pomar de pereiras asiáticas, portanto, mais recomendável do que o usual suco de uva.

ABSTRACT The South American fruit fly, Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the most important insect pest in pear tree crops in Southern Brazil. Several studies pointed to the controversial efficacy of some food lures used for capture and monitoring this species in various fruit species. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of food lures available in the Brazilian market in capturing and monitoring A. fraterculus in relation to grape juice. The experiment was conducted during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 crop seasons in an Asian pear (Pyrus spp.) orchard located in Caçador, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The food lures evaluated were CeraTrap®, BioAnastrepha®, Torula®, Isca Mosca®, BioFruit®, and grape juice (a standard food lure in Southern Brazil). For each attractant substance, population fluctuations of A. fraterculus were recorded as well as the average number of female and male specimens captured, the FTD (fly/trap/day) rate of capture, the number of control indications, and mean weekly evaporation. The first A. fraterculus adults were captured in November, and in both crop seasons the population peak was found in January. CeraTrap® was more effective in capturing females and males and indicated a higher number of control indications compared to the other food lures. Grape juice presented lower effectiveness compared to CeraTrap®, including the evaporation parameter. It was concluded that CeraTrap® is the most effective food attractant in capturing adults of A. fraterculus and more accurate in detecting its population levels in Asian pear orchards, therefore, it is recommended rather than the usual grape juice.

Abstract The skin, by reflecting internal processes, externalizes what happens inside the body in many diseases. Thus, the skin, as an organ, extrapolates its functions of protection, barrier and signals the existence of systemic diseases, expanding the importance of the dermatologist beyond the skin surface. Thus, the dermatologist investigates diagnostic hypotheses for conditions related to all systems and refers patients to the appropriate specialty. Combined with examination by a trained eye, the skin, due to its easy access, is still the ideal place for performing biopsies, which often clarify the diagnosis. This manuscript is the second part of the article on cutaneous manifestations of systemic diseases. In the first part, the cutaneous manifestations of the main rheumatologic and granulomatous diseases were described, and vascular manifestations were also addressed. In the present article, it will be discussed how metabolic, cardiovascular, kidney, and gastrointestinal diseases can manifest themselves in the integumentary system. Malignant diseases and their cutaneous implications, will also be discussed. Pruritus and its clinical cutaneous correspondence will be discussed. Finally, an update on cutaneous signs of SARS-CoV2 coronavirus infection will be presented.

Abstract The skin demonstrates what is happening in the body in many diseases, as it reflects some internal processes on the surface. In this sense, skin as an organ, goes beyond its protective and barrier functions, as it provides clues for the identification of some systemic diseases. The dermatologist then raises diagnostic hypotheses for conditions related to all systems and refers them to the appropriate specialty. With easy access to examination by trained eyes and biopsies, the skin can present specific or non specific alterations on histopathology. In the first case this combination establishes the diagnosis of the disease itself. Non specific manifestations can occur in a variety of contexts and then histopathology is not specific of a particular disease. This article is divided into two parts that will cover large groups of diseases. In this first part, cutaneous manifestations of the main rheumatologic diseases are described, which are the ones with the greatest interface with dermatology. The authors also talk about vascular manifestations and granulomatous diseases. In the second part, endocrinological, hematological, oncological, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal diseases, pruritus and its causes are discussed, and finally, the dermatological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infection. The authors’ intention is that, by using direct and easily accessible language, aim to provide practical material for consultation and improvement to all dermatologists who recognize the importance of a comprehensive assessment of their patients.

Abstract This study reports the clinical case of a 42-year-old patient with ulcerated lesions who was followed up by general practitioners with the diagnosis of recurrent cellulitis. However, when referred to the Dermatology division a diagnosis of Behçet's syndrome was established based on clinical criteria. Although there are defined clinical criteria for this syndrome, sometimes its diagnosis can be challenging, due to lack of knowledge of the disease and extremely heterogeneous clinical phenotype. The authors highlight the potential difficulties in establishing the diagnosis considering the multiple clinical findings during the investigation process, contributing to the risk of increased morbidity and mortality.

RESUMO A urticária multiforme é uma reação de hipersensibilidade aguda, sendo um subtipo morfológico de urticária. É mais comum em crianças e, uma vez que sua apresentação clínica se assemelha a outras dermatoses, como o eritema multiforme, a vasculite urticariana e a doença do soro-like, tem sido subdiagnosticada. Relatamos assim, um caso de uma criança de 1 ano e 9 meses com lesões cutâneas exuberantes associado a manifestações sistêmicas, com recuperação completa do quadro após tratamento com anti-histamínicos e corticosteróides endovenoso em unidade de medicina intensiva.

ABSTRACT Urticaria multiforme is an acute hypersensitivity reaction which can be considered a morphological subtype of urticaria. It is more common in children and as its clinical presentation resembles other pathologies such as erythema multiforme, urticarial vasculitis and serum-sickness-like reaction, it has been often underdiagnosed. We report a case of a 1-year and 9-month-old child with exuberant skin lesions associated with systemic manifestations with complete and quick recovery after H1-antihistamines and iv steroids in an intensive care unit.

Abstract: Bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita are subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases whose antigenic target is located at the basement membrane zone. Mucous membrane pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita can evolve with cicatricial mucosal involvement, leading to respiratory, ocular and/or digestive sequelae with important morbidity. For each of these dermatoses, a literature review covering all therapeutic options was performed. A flowchart, based on the experience and joint discussion among the authors of this consensus, was constructed to provide treatment orientation for these diseases in Brazil. In summary, in the localized, low-risk or non-severe forms, drugs that have immunomodulatory action such as dapsone, doxycycline among others may be a therapeutic option. Topical treatment with corticosteroids or immunomodulators may also be used. Systemic corticosteroid therapy continues to be the treatment of choice for severe forms, especially those involving ocular, laryngeal-pharyngeal and/or esophageal mucosal involvement, as may occur in mucous membrane pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Several immunosuppressants are used as adjuvant alternatives. In severe and recalcitrant cases, intravenous immunoglobulin is an alternative that, while expensive, may be used. Immunobiological drugs such as rituximab are promising drugs in this area. Omalizumab has been used in bullous pemphigoid.

Abstract: Granuloma annulare is a relatively common, idiopathic, benign inflammatory dermatosis, with a varied clinical presentation that often makes diagnosis difficult. It mainly affects the extremities, such as the dorsa of the hands and feet, forearms and legs. Palmar and plantar regions are generally spared. It occurs mainly in young female patients. The presentation of the palmar variant in an elderly patient is a rarity.

Abstract: Morbihan disease is a rare condition characterized by chronic and persistent erythematous solid edema localized on the face. It is believed to be a complication of rosacea and may occur at any stage of the disease. Features of this condition include variable therapeutic response and great refractoriness. We report a case of a 61-year-old man with rosacea history diagnosed with Morbihan disease, who showed excellent therapeutic response with the combination of deflazacort and oral isotretinoin but developed recurrence after corticosteroid discontinuation. We believe that in severe cases of lymphedema of the face this combination is effective and corticosteroid suspension should be done slowly and gradually.

Abstract Pemphigus foliaceus is a chronic autoimmune disease of the skin, clinically characterized by scaly and crusty cutaneous erosions involving the seborrheic areas. The patient can eventually become erythrodermic. There are reports of atypical cases of pemphigus foliaceus with pustules and neutrophils, and clinical differentiation from generalized pustular psoriasis of von Zumbusch is difficult. We report the case of a 55-year-old man with a history of psoriasis vulgaris that has developed pemphigus foliaceus with pustules, triggered by withdrawal of systemic corticosteroids. This is the first report associating this atypical form of pemphigus with psoriasis, suggesting that an overlap with generalized pustular psoriasis can occur.

Abstract Histiocytoid Sweet's Syndrome is a rare inflammatory disease described in 2005 as a variant of the classical Sweet's Syndrome (SS). Histopathologically, the dermal inflammatory infiltrate is composed mainly of mononuclear cells that have a histiocytic appearance and represent immature myeloid cells. We describe a case of Histiocytoid Sweet's Syndrome in an 18-year-old man. Although this patient had clinical manifestations compatible with SS, the cutaneous lesions consisted of erythematous annular plaques, which are not typical for this entity and have not been described in histiocytic form so far. The histiocytic subtype was confirmed by histopathological analysis that showed positivity for myeloperoxidase in multiple cells with histiocytic appearance.

Abstract Gianotti-Crosti syndrome is a rare disease characterized by acral papular eruption with symmetrical distribution. It is a benign and self-limited disease; the symptoms disappear after two to eight weeks, without recurrences or scars. Skin lesions are usually asymptomatic. Prodrome might occur, suggesting upper respiratory infection, or constitutional symptoms. Diagnosis is eminently clinical, and this disease is associated with viral infections. Due to its rarity and low occurrence in adolescents and adults, we report a case of Gianotti-Crosti syndrome of a teenager.